Urinary Problems

What is UI?

Urinary incontinence, also known as urinary leakage or loss of bladder control, usually involves the involuntary leaking of urine, either in the form of a few drops or something more severe. It can include leaking urine before you can make it to the bathroom, a sudden urge to urinate that cannot always be controlled, and urine leakage while coughing or during sexual intercourse.

Why it happens

Compared to men, women are twice as likely to have UI, largely because of the stresses and changes brought on by pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause. Pregnancy puts increased pressure on pelvic floor muscles. Vaginal childbirth can damage the nerves that control bladder function. Lower oestrogen levels brought on by menopause can also contribute to UI by weakening urethral tissues.

Main types

Stress incontinence

The most prevalent type of UI. Leakage occurs when physical movement puts pressure on the bladder, like coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising, or lifting something heavy.

Urge incontinence

Often called overactive bladder. A strong, sudden urge to urinate, followed by leakage. Can occur when least expected, like during sleep or when hearing running water.

Mixed incontinence

Many women have a mix of stress and urge incontinence.

Treatment options

UI can often be treated without surgery. We may start with lifestyle changes, bladder training, physical therapy, or bladder support devices. Eating high sodium foods can cause you to urinate more frequently. Certain prescription medications can contribute. Losing weight can reduce pressure on the bladder. Kegel exercises can strengthen pelvic floor muscles.

If these methods do not work, you may find success with bladder control medication, nerve stimulation therapy, or surgery.